This campaign intensified ahead of her cancer diagnosis announcement, adding stress to Catherine and Prince William. These actions match the group's history of misinformation, including efforts to undermine support for Ukraine amid Russia's invasion.

The group also targeted France for its support of Ukraine, showing their broader geopolitical agenda. Fake accounts and co-ordinated social media strategies were used to amplify these rumors, which were also tied to other disinformation campaigns concerning France and the UK's stance on the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Despite these efforts, actual social media users initially drove the speculation, with algorithms further boosting visibility without the need for false accounts.

Cardiff University identified systematic attempts to push royal-related rumors, using a massive network of fake accounts. This tactic, known for creating confusion and blending with genuine user activity, exacerbates the challenge of distinguishing between real and fake sources. Russia's engagement in these campaigns appears indiscriminate about the topic, focusing instead on generating divisiveness.

Adding to the complexity, TikTok reported removing over 180 million fake accounts in three months, many related to spreading these conspiracy theories.

The influx of such disinformation efforts underscores the challenges social media platforms face in combating fake news, especially when linked to sensitive issues like health and political stances.

Despite the murky waters of attribution in digital disinformation campaigns, certain patterns and connections hint at Russia-linked influence operations.

These efforts not only target individuals or political stances but also aim to erode public trust and create confusion on a broader scale. The rapid spread of rumors about Catherine into mainstream conversations highlights the effectiveness of these disinformation campaigns, further complicating the public's ability to discern truth in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.