Beijing, May 18, 2025

AI-Powered Monitoring of Encrypted Platforms

A highlight of the expo was the introduction of surveillance systems capable of monitoring Telegram, a messaging app known for its encryption features. Developed by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, the tool reportedly tracks Telegram accounts registered with Chinese mobile numbers, which are subject to real-name registration requirements. According to the institute, the system has collected over 30 billion messages and monitors approximately 70 million accounts, including 390,000 public channels and groups.

The surveillance tool aims to detect illicit activities, such as drug transactions and politically sensitive communications. A promotional video demonstrated the system's capability to infiltrate group chats by leveraging compromised Chinese mobile numbers. The widespread use of Telegram by protesters during the 2019 Hong Kong demonstrations was cited as a motivating factor for the tool's development.

Detection of VPN Usage

In mainland China, accessing Telegram and certain international websites requires the use of VPNs. A technology firm from Nanjing presented a system designed to detect VPN usage, thereby identifying individuals attempting to bypass internet restrictions. This capability supports efforts to enforce China's internet governance policies and maintain control over information flow.

Predictive Analytics for Public Safety

Addressing concerns over "lone wolf" attacks, the Third Research Institute also unveiled an AI model that analyzes shopping records, search histories, and social media activity to identify individuals exhibiting extreme behavior. This initiative follows incidents such as the November 2024 attack in Zhuhai, where an individual drove into a crowd, resulting in 35 fatalities and 43 injuries. The suspect was executed in January 2025.

The AI model is based on services provided by Chinese startup Dify, which offers an open-source large language model application development platform. The system aims to provide early warnings and prevent similar incidents by identifying high-risk individuals through behavioral analysis.

Emphasis on Data Security and Confidentiality

Exhibitors at the expo highlighted tools designed to ensure the confidentiality of police operations. One company presented a system that monitors police equipment usage, particularly internet activity, to detect unauthorized publication, transmission, or storage of confidential information. This aligns with recent revisions to China's laws on state secrets, which encourage the development of technologies that protect sensitive information.

Integration of AI in Law Enforcement

Several companies showcased AI models tailored for law enforcement applications, including crime scene analysis, device management, and suspect interrogation. A Beijing-based firm introduced an AI tool capable of conducting real-time psychological assessments during interrogations, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of suspect interviews. Major tech companies such as Huawei, iFlyTek, and Hikvision also promoted their AI solutions for policing scenarios.

Controlled Access and Information Security at the Expo

Reflecting the sensitive nature of the technologies on display, access to the exhibition required prior registration using a QR code, submission of personal identification, and a screening process. Many attendees were law enforcement personnel, and certain exhibits restricted photography and limited access to product manuals exclusively to police officers. A prominent slogan at the venue emphasized the importance of cybersecurity: "Without cybersecurity, there is no national security."

The expo underscored China's commitment to integrating advanced AI technologies into its domestic security apparatus, highlighting ongoing efforts to enhance surveillance capabilities and maintain public order.