In Davao City, southern Philippines, a heated mayoral election campaign unfolds as candidates pursue votes, yet one prominent contender is absent from the campaign trail.

Former President Rodrigo Duterte is currently in custody at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, awaiting trial for alleged crimes against humanity related to his controversial anti-drug campaign.

This crackdown, which spanned his presidency from 2016 to 2022, reportedly resulted in thousands of deaths, many involving innocent bystanders and lacking due process.

Despite the legal challenges, the 80-year-old Duterte remains eligible to run for mayor under Philippine election laws, which stipulate that only a local criminal conviction can disqualify a candidate.

His sustained popularity in Davao, bolstered by perceptions of improved law and order during his administration, appears to enhance his chances in the upcoming election.

Voters express varied sentiments regarding Duterte's legacy.

One supporter, Ian Baldoza, noted changes in public safety and urban cleanliness in Davao compared to earlier years, attributing these improvements to Duterte's leadership.

Cleve Arguelles, a political scientist, suggested that Duterte’s current status has not diminished his core support but may reinforce his image among loyalists.

Sara Duterte, Rodrigo’s daughter and the current vice president, has publicly acknowledged her father’s supporters, expressing gratitude at a rally in Manila.

This election cycle sees members of the Duterte family, including his son Sebastian, the sitting mayor of Davao, and Paolo Duterte, who seeks re-election to Congress, running in various local positions.

Observers highlight the potential challenges to the Duterte dynasty, noting the political landscape in Davao has begun to shift.

Ramon Beleno, a political analyst, remarked on the dependency of the political dynasty on Rodrigo's health and activity, raising questions about its future as he ages.

Increased opposition presence in the electoral race is evident, with contenders such as Karlo Nograles challenging Duterte for the mayoral seat.

The rivalry stems from historical family ties that have characterized Philippine politics.

Cracks within the Duterte family also emerge, particularly with Sara Duterte facing calls for impeachment amid allegations of corruption, claims she denies.

Tensions arise between her and the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., who is from another historically significant political family.

Additional controversies have also surfaced surrounding Paolo Duterte, following a nightclub incident involving him and his security team.

Should Rodrigo Duterte win the mayoral election, provisions exist for him to be sworn in through alternative methods, including the possibility of virtual attendance, contingent on ICC permission.

In the event he cannot participate, the runner-up, likely Karlo Nograles, would assume the role.

Duterte's presidency was marked by a controversial crackdown on narcotics, which has been heavily criticized both domestically and internationally.

While official police statistics report around 6,000 deaths, human rights organizations estimate the figure could be as high as 30,000.

An ICC hearing is scheduled for September 23, 2025, as the legal proceedings against Duterte continue.